JESUS CHRIST

No. Jesus Christ was crucified. Crucifixion was a Roman punishment, not a Jewish punishment. Additionally, it should not be forgotten that Jesus Christ was a Jew. His mother and disciples were all Jews. They, of course, were not responsible for Jesus’ death. Large numbers of Jews living beyond Galilee and Judea never met or heard of Jesus Christ. They obviously were not responsible for Jesus’ execution, which they did not have any say or knowledge about during their lifetime. Most first century Jews were totally unaware of his life and ministry and, therefore, had nothing to do with his death and were, therefore, not responsible for the actions of a few individuals (Judas—who handed him over to the arresting officers; the officers who handed him over to the Jewish High priest; Caiaphas—who handed him over to the Roman governor; and Pilate, who handed him over to the Roman execution squad). Of course, Jews living before the first century and those living after the first century had nothing to do with the tragic events on that fateful Friday so long ago in Jerusalem.

In Galilee and Judea, many Jews were sympathetic to his message to “the least, last and the lost.” His enemies were afraid of the Jewish crowds who heard him and followed him (Mark 14:1-2). Many Jews who met him thought he was a righteous teacher, a healer, even a prophet (Matthew 16:13-14). Others believed he was the long-expected anointed servant—the Messiah. Even among the Jewish leadership in Jerusalem, there were those who believed Jesus Christ was sent from God (see John 19:39; cf. John 3:1).

Following his death, many Jews continued to accept Jesus’ message and became ardent disciples (see Acts 2:41; 4:4). Eventually, the completely Jewish-Christian Church opened its doors to Gentiles (see Acts 10) who joined in such large numbers that they became the majority by the end of the first century.

Only much later, did Gentile-Christians begin to assign blame to the Jews as a nation, forgetting that all of the heroes and heroines of the Gospels they so admired (Simeon, Anna, Mary Magdalene, John the Baptist, Martha, and Lazarus) were observant Jews who believed that Jesus Christ was the Jewish Messiah. Additionally, these people also forgot that Jesus himself prayed, “Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do (Luke 23:34).

The New Testament does not assign corporate responsibility to Romans, Gentiles, or Jews. It provides the story of a cruel Roman governor and a rather small collaborating Jewish leadership who conspired to get rid of Jesus because he was so popular among the Jews living in Galilee and Judea in the first century.

If the books of the New Testament were printed in the order in which they were originally composed, Paul’s letters would appear first. His earliest letters-1-2 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1-2 Corinthians, and Romans-were written sometime between A.D. 49 and 57 (perhaps even earlier for Galatians), before Matthew, Luke, and John were written and nearly contemporary with the Gospel of Mark. Therefore, the earliest written accounts of the Jesus Christ’s last hours on earth-the Last Supper on Thursday, the fateful crucifixion on Friday, and the glorious resurrection on the first Easter Sunday-are found in Paul’s letters.

The earliest explicit references to these events are found in Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians, written about A.D. 57. Paul noted, “I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come” (1 Corinthians 11:23-26). That was not all. Later in the same letter, Paul wrote to his readers, “I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; and that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures” (1 Corinthians 15:3-4).

This threefold aspect of the mission of Jesus Christ-that he died, was buried, and rose again-is echoed in many of Paul’s other letters. These other references often represent only allusions and implicit references to the events fully detailed in the Gospel narrative. However, Paul’s accounts provide written evidence demonstrating that an oral account of Jesus’ life enjoyed a fairly wide circulation across the entire Mediterranean basin before the Gospels were recorded.